24-February-2024-Editorial

NEARLY 50% OF PREGNANCIES IN INDIA ARE HIGH-RISK

A recent study published in the Journal of Global Health, conducted by researchers from the ICMR’s National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (NIRRCH) in Mumbai, brings to light the alarming prevalence of high-risk pregnancies across India.

High-risk pregnancies pose increased health complications for both the mother and the baby, along with a higher likelihood of preterm delivery.

Key Findings of the Study:

High Prevalence:

• The study reveals that a staggering 49.4% of pregnant women in India experience high-risk pregnancies.
• Among them, approximately 33% face a single high-risk factor, while 16% encounter multiple high-risk factors.

Regional Disparities:

• Certain states, including Meghalaya, Manipur, and Mizoram, alongside Telangana, exhibit the highest prevalence of high-risk factors.
• Conversely, Sikkim, Odisha, and Chhattisgarh report the lowest prevalence of high-risk pregnancies.

Factors Contributing to High-Risk Pregnancies:

Birth Spacing:

• Short birth spacing, defined as less than 18 months between the previous birth and the current conception, emerges as a primary factor contributing to high-risk pregnancies.

Maternal Risk Factors:

• Maternal age, particularly being either adolescent or older than 35 years, is identified as a contributing factor.
• Short stature and a higher body mass index (BMI) are also associated with high-risk pregnancies.

Lifestyle and Previous Birth Outcome Risks:

• Lifestyle factors such as tobacco and alcohol use contribute significantly.
• Previous adverse birth outcomes, including miscarriage, abortion, or stillbirth, are significant contributors to high-risk pregnancies.

Indian Government Initiatives Related to Pregnant Women:

Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY):

• Implemented under the National Food Security Act, it provides financial support to pregnant and lactating mothers, aiming to enhance the health and nutrition of both mother and child.

Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY):

• Offers cash assistance to pregnant women, especially from vulnerable sections, encouraging institutional delivery.

Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK):

• Entitles pregnant women to free delivery, including C-sections, in public health institutions, along with free transport, diagnostics, medicines, and diet.

Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA):

• Ensures pregnant women receive free and quality antenatal checkups by a Specialist/Medical Officer on the 9th day of every month.

Surakshit Matratva Ashwasan (SUMAN):

• Aims to provide dignified and cost-free healthcare for every pregnant woman and newborn in public facilities.

LaQshya:

• Aims to enhance the quality of care in labour rooms, thereby reducing complications and improving maternal and newborn outcomes.