1-February-2024-Editorial

RECONSIDERING THE FREE MOVEMENT REGIME

India’s decision to review the Free Movement Regime (FMR) agreement with Myanmar and consider fencing the India-Myanmar border has sparked discussions, especially in the northeastern states.

This move aims to address a complex intersection of historical, cultural, and security considerations.

Free Movement Regime (FMR):

Historical Context:

• The northeast region was under Burmese occupation until the Treaty of Yandaboo in 1826, establishing the current India-Myanmar boundary.
• The treaty separated communities with shared ethnicity and culture without their agreement.

Establishment of FMR:

• Initiated in 2018 under India’s Act East policy.
• Allows cross-border movement up to 16 km without a visa.
• Individuals at the border need a one-year border pass for short stays in the neighboring country.

Potential Reasons for Reconsidering the FMR:

Security Concerns:

• Increased Infiltration: Concerns about illegal immigrants, including the Chin, Naga communities, and Rohingyas from Myanmar.
• Drug Trafficking and Arms Smuggling: Porous border facilitates illegal movement, impacting internal security.
• Insurgency Activities: FMR misuse by insurgent groups, facilitating easy border crossing.

Socio-economic and Regional Issues:

• Impact on Cultural Identity: Concerns about preserving indigenous culture and traditions.
• Environmental Degradation: Unregulated cross-border movement contributes to deforestation and illegal resource extraction.
• Regional Dynamics: China’s growing influence in Myanmar adds complexity to border security.

Major Aspects of India-Myanmar Relations:

Historical and Cultural Ties:

• Deep-rooted connections in Buddhism and a history dating back centuries.
• Treaty of Friendship, 1951 forms the foundation of diplomatic relations.

Economic Cooperation:

• India is Myanmar’s 4th largest trading partner.
• Involved in projects like Kaladan Multimodal Transit Transport and Trilateral Highway.

Disaster Relief:

• India has provided prompt assistance in response to natural calamities in Myanmar.

Way Forward:

Focus on Shared Interests:

• Expand economic cooperation in infrastructure, energy, and trade.
• Encourage cultural exchanges and religious tourism to build trust and understanding.

Comprehensive Border Management:

• Develop a balanced approach considering security concerns and facilitating legitimate cross-border activities.

Supporting a Democratic Transition:

• Aim for a peaceful transition to democracy in Myanmar, aligning with India’s vision for regional stability and prosperity.

Conclusion:

Addressing the complexities of the India-Myanmar border requires a comprehensive strategy that respects historical ties, addresses security concerns, and fosters economic and cultural cooperation. A balanced and collaborative approach is essential for ensuring regional stability and long-term prosperity.