Special Article

ONE NATION, ONE ELECTION: KEY PROPOSALS AND IMPLICATIONS

• Key Features of the Bills

• Constitutional Provisions Related to Elections

• High-Level Committee Report on Simultaneous Elections

• Challenges in Implementing Simultaneous Elections

• Strategies for Transitioning to Simultaneous Elections

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

SWITZERLAND’S WITHDRAWAL OF MFN CLAUSE IN DTAA WITH INDIA

• What is the MFN Clause in DTAA?

• Why Did Switzerland Withdraw the MFN Clause?

• Implications of Switzerland’s Decision

• India-Switzerland Economic Relations

• DTAA and MFN

• Future Prospects

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

VIJAY DIWAS AND THE 1971 BANGLADESH LIBERATION WAR

• Significance of Vijay Diwas 2024

• The 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War

• Key Causes of the 1971 War

• Major Events of the War

• Consequences of the War

• India’s Role in the War

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

GLOBALISATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR INDIA

• Evolution of Globalisation

• Challenges Facing Globalisation in the 21st Century

• India’s Achievements in Globalisation

• Balancing Nationalism and Globalisation in India’s Development

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

AGRARIAN DISTRESS IN INDIA

• About the Supreme Court-Appointed High-Level Committee

• Key Findings of the Committee Report

• Implications of the Report Findings

• Major Challenges Faced by Indian Agriculture

• Government Schemes for Farmer Welfare

• Solutions to Address Agrarian Distress

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

INTERNATIONAL MOUNTAIN DAY 2024: IMPORTANCE AND THE INDIAN HIMALAYAN REGION (IHR)

• What is International Mountain Day?

• Importance of Mountains

• Key Facts About the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR)

• Challenges Facing the IHR

• Solutions for Protecting the IHR
  

• Types of Mountains

• Major Mountain Ranges in India

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

RBI AND THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – DISPUTE

• Key Issues Between the RBI and the Central Government

• Past Conflicts Between RBI Governors and the Government

• Suggestions for Strengthening RBI-Government Relations

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

RISING AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT IN INDIA: CAUSES AND CONCERNS

• Factors Behind the Rise in Agricultural Employment

• Concerns About the Agricultural Employment Surge

• Challenges in Generating Non-Agricultural Jobs

• Government Initiatives for Employment Generation

• Way Forward

• Mains Question

STREAMLINING DEATH PENALTY AND MERCY PETITION GUIDELINES: SUPREME COURT

• Key Guidelines on Death Penalty and Mercy Petitions

• Death Penalty and Mercy Petitions

• Implications of the SC Guidelines

• Supreme Court Rulings on Death Penalty

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

CUMBUM TANK IN ANDHRA PRADESH

• Key Points about the Cumbum Tank

• Ancient Water Harvesting Systems in India

• Water Management in Indian History

• Types of Water Harvesting Systems

• Government Initiatives for Water Conservation

• Significance of Water Harvesting

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

INDIA’S ROLE IN THE ‘CHINA PLUS ONE’ STRATEGY

• Challenges Faced by India in Adopting the ‘China Plus One’ Strategy

• The China Plus One Strategy

• Opportunities for India

• Key Sectors Benefiting Under the China+1 Strategy

• The Way Forward

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

DRI REPORT: KEY HIGHLIGHTS ON SMUGGLING IN INDIA

• Key Findings of the DRI Report

• Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI)

• Challenges in Combating Smuggling

• Strategies to Combat Smuggling

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

PRADHAN MANTRI AWAS YOJANA – URBAN 2.0 (PMAY-U 2.0): A PATHWAY TO HOUSING FOR ALL

• Core Themes and Features of PMAY-U 2.0

• Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana: An Overview

• PMAY-U Implementation through Four Verticals

• Socio-Economic Implications of PMAY-U 2.0

• Challenges in Implementation

• Strategies to Enhance Implementation

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

ROAD ACCIDENTS IN INDIA

• Current State of Road Accidents in India

• Causes of High Road Accidents in India

• Government Initiatives for Road Safety

• Way Forward

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

5TH MEETING OF THE UNITED NATIONS (UN) INTERGOVERNMENTAL NEGOTIATING COMMITTEE (INC-5)

• Key Reasons for the Failure to Reach Consensus

• Why a Global Plastic Treaty is Necessary

• India and Its Plastic Problem

• India’s Efforts to Address Plastic Pollution

• Global Challenges to a Treaty

• Way Forward

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

KASHMIRI AND CENTRAL ASIAN ARTISANS RECONNECT: A REVIVAL OF CULTURAL TIES

• Historical Connection Between Central Asia and Srinagar Crafts

• Craftsmanship Techniques Inspired by Central Asia

• Srinagar as a “World Craft City”

• Key Crafts of Srinagar

• UNESCO Creative City Network (UCCN)

• Geographical Indication (GI) Tags for Kashmiri Crafts

• Benefits of Cross-Border Cultural Exchanges

• Challenges Faced by Kashmiri Artisans

• Government Initiatives for Promoting Handicrafts

• Way Forward

• Mains Question

MGNREGA JOB CARD DELETIONS

• Key Provisions for Deletion of MGNREGA Job Cards

• Implications of Job Card Deletions

• About MGNREGA Scheme

• Way Forward

• Mains Question

ABOUT WORLD WAR II

• About World War II

• Causes of World War II

• Major Phases of World War II

• Consequences of World War II

• India’s Role in World War II

• Impact of World War II on India

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

HIGH SEAS TREATY: A MILESTONE IN GLOBAL OCEAN GOVERNANCE

• What is the High Seas Treaty?

• Importance of the High Seas Treaty

• Key Objectives of the High Seas Treaty

• Ratification and Current Status

• Significance for India

• Challenges Facing the Treaty

• Bridging the Gaps

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

GLOBAL CRISIS OF FEMICIDE

• Key Findings of the Report

• Forms of Violence Against Women

• Gender Violence in India

• Observing International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women

• UN Entities Addressing Gender Violence

• Legal Measures for Women’s Safety in India

• Preventing Femicide: Recommendations from the Report

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

RAJARAJA CHOLA I: A PIONEERING CHOLA EMPEROR

• About Rajaraja Chola I

• Governance Under the Chola Dynasty

• Trade and Maritime Expansion

• Key Features of the Brihadeshwara Temple

• The Iconic Nataraja Statue

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

COKING COAL: IMPORTANCE AND CRITICAL MINERAL STATUS

• Why Should Coking Coal Be Declared a Critical Mineral?

• Coking Coal in India

• About Coking Coal

• India’s Critical Mineral Strategy

• Government Initiatives for Critical Minerals

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

INDIA-CARICOM SUMMIT: STRENGTHENING TIES FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE

• Key Highlights of the 2nd India-CARICOM Summit

• Focus on Climate Justice

• About the Caribbean Community (CARICOM)

• India-CARICOM Relations

• Why India and CARICOM Need Each Other

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

DECLINE IN EARTH’S FRESHWATER RESERVES

• Status of Freshwater Decline

• Causes of Freshwater Depletion

• Implications of Freshwater Decline

• Water Conservation Initiatives

• Way Forward

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN 2024

• Key Findings of the SOWC 2024 Report

• Megatrends Shaping Children’s Lives

• India-Specific Findings

• UNICEF’s Role and Contributions

• Recommendations to Secure Children’s Future

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

SICKLE CELL ANEMIA AND INDIA’S EFFORTS TO COMBAT IT

• What is Sickle Cell Anemia?

• Symptoms of Sickle Cell Anemia

• Treatment Options

• Challenges in Combating SCD in India

• Government Initiatives to Address SCD

• Way Forward

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

REGULATORY NORMS FOR LAB-GROWN MEAT, PLANT-BASED PROTEINS

• What is Laboratory-Grown Meat?

• What is Plant-Based Meat?

• Need for Regulating Laboratory-Grown Meat in India

• Challenges in Promoting Laboratory-Grown Meat

• India’s Meat Industry Overview

• Way Forward

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

ROLE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) IN SUPPORTING INDIAN AGRICULTURE

• Why is CSR Important for Agriculture?

• How Can CSR Address Agricultural Challenges?

• Challenges in Implementing CSR in Agriculture

• Recommendations for Strengthening CSR in Agriculture

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

MAHA KUMBH MELA 2025: A SPIRITUAL AND CULTURAL GATHERING

• Key Facts About Kumbh Mela

• Historical Evolution of Kumbh Mela

• Significance of Kumbh Mela

• Key Rituals and Activities

• UNESCO Recognition

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

JANJATIYA GAURAV DIVAS: CELEBRATING TRIBAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO INDIA’S FREEDOM STRUGGLE

• What is Janjatiya Gaurav Divas?

• Highlights of Janjatiya Gaurav Divas 2024

• Who was Birsa Munda?

• Key Initiatives Supporting Tribal Development

• Sardari Agitation

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

SUPREME COURT GUIDELINES ON BULLDOZER JUSTICE

• Supreme Court’s Guidelines on Demolitions

• Constitutional Backing: Article 142

• Significance of the Supreme Court’s Guidelines

• Concerns over Bulldozer Justice

• Challenges in Implementing the Guidelines

• Way Forward

• Mains Question

MENTAL HEALTH IN INDIA: ADDRESSING A GROWING CRISIS

• Factors Contributing to India’s Mental Health Crisis

• Current Status of Mental Healthcare in India

• Government Initiatives to Improve Mental Health

• Technological Innovations in Mental Health

• Recommendations for Addressing India’s Mental Health Crisis

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

STATE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024 REPORT

• Key Highlights of the 2024 Report

• Recommendations for Agrifood System Transformation

• About Agrifood Systems

• India’s Efforts Toward Sustainable Food Systems

• Challenges India Faces in Building a Sustainable Food System

• Steps Needed for a Sustainable and Inclusive Food System in India

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

SC ORDERS RE-EVALUATION OF ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY’S MINORITY STATUS

• Key Highlights of the Supreme Court Judgment

• The Legal and Constitutional Context

• Timeline of the AMU Dispute

• Conclusion

TRIBAL POVERTY & MANGO KERNEL TRAGEDY

• Why Tribal Communities Depend on Unsafe Food Sources for Survival

• Government Initiatives for Tribal Welfare

• Strategies to Improve Tribal Livelihoods

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

INDIA’S POTENTIAL ROLE IN RCEP AND CPTPP

• What is RCEP?

• India’s Position on RCEP

• What is CPTPP?

• Benefits for India in Joining RCEP and CPTPP

• Impact of India’s Tariff Structure on Global Trade Competitiveness

• Way Forward

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

UP MADARSA EDUCATION ACT UPHELD BY SC: WHAT WAS THE CASE?

• Why Supreme Court Uphold the UP-Madrasa Education Board Act?

• The UP-Madrasa Education Board Act, 2004

• Why Did the Allahabad High Court Find the Act Unconstitutional?

• Implications of the Supreme Court’s Decision

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT LOCAL AREA DEVELOPMENT SCHEME (MPLADS)

• What is MPLADS?

• Arguments For and Against MPLADS

• Supreme Court’s View on MPLADS

• Should MPLADS be Reformed or Abolished?

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

UNPAID WORK AND ITS ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE

• What is Unpaid Work?

• Gender Disparities and Social Norms

• The Need for Recognizing Unpaid Work

• Key Findings from Recent Research

• Key Statistics on Unpaid Work in India

• Global Perspective on Unpaid Work

• Factors Behind Women’s Disproportionate Involvement in Unpaid Work

• Policies to Address Inequity in Unpaid Work

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

CLIMATE ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION

• What is Climate Adaptation and Mitigation?

• Why is Climate Adaptation as Important as Mitigation?

• India’s Progress in Climate Adaptation

• Challenges for India in Climate Adaptation

• Measures for Enhancing India’s Climate Adaptation

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

WHAT ARE THE KEY TAKEAWAYS FROM COP-16?

• Key Highlights of COP-16 to the CBD

• Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF)

• India’s Updated National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP)

• Key Features of the Updated NBSAP

• Specific Targets

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

MANGROVES

• What Are Mangroves?

• Mangrove Coverage in India

• Role of Mangroves in Cyclone Mitigation

• Conservation and Protection Initiatives

• Challenges in Mangrove Conservation

• Bhitarkanika National Park

• Strategies to Preserve Mangroves

• Conclusion

• Mains question

COMBATING MONEY LAUNDERING IN INDIA’S ONLINE GAMING SECTOR

• Key Findings of the Report

• Vulnerabilities and Risks

• What is Online Gaming?

• Legality of Online Gaming and Gambling in India

• About Money Laundering

• Challenges Facing the Gaming Sector

• Risk Mitigation Steps

• Mains question

ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS: IMPACTS OF POLEWARD SHIFTS

• What are Atmospheric Rivers?

• Conditions for Formation

• Categories of Atmospheric Rivers

• Why are Atmospheric Rivers Shifting Poleward?

• Implications of the Poleward Shift of Atmospheric Rivers

• The Role of Atmospheric Rivers

• Atmospheric Rivers in India

• Conclusion

• Mains question

MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS (MFIS)

• What Are Microfinance Institutions?

• Regulatory Framework

• Current Status of MFIs in India

• Business Models in Microfinance

• Challenges Faced by MFIs

• RBI Guidelines for Microfinance Lending (2022)

• Government Initiatives Supporting Microfinance

• Way Forward for MFIs

• Mains question

INDIA’S SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY

• Current Status and Opportunities in India’s Semiconductor Industry

• Key Government Initiatives Supporting the Semiconductor Industry

• Strategic Importance of Semiconductor Fabrication

• Challenges Facing the Semiconductor Industry in India

• The Way Forward

• Conclusion

• Mains question

NUCLEAR ENERGY INVESTMENTS BY BIG TECH AND INDIA’S ROLE IN NUCLEAR DEVELOPMENT

• Which Big Tech Companies are Investing in Nuclear Energy?

• Why Are Big Tech Companies Turning to Nuclear Energy?

• The Status of Nuclear Energy in India

• What Are Small Modular Reactors (SMRs)?

• Benefits of Nuclear Energy

• Concerns Related to Nuclear Energy

• Way Forward

• Conclusion

• Mains question

INDIA’S AGEING AND SHRINKING POPULATION

• Current Data on Ageing and Population Size in India

• Causes of Ageing and Shrinking Population

• Concerns Associated with Ageing Population

• Shift from Population Growth to Shrinkage

• Global Responses to Ageing Population

• Strategies to Address Ageing and Shrinking Population

• Conclusion

• Mains question

IMPACT OF MINIMUM SUPPORT PRICE (MSP) ON INDIAN AGRICULTURE

• What is the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA)?

• About Minimum Support Price (MSP)

• MSP Calculation

• Concerns Surrounding MSP in India

• Need for Legalizing MSP in India

• Challenges of Legalizing MSP

• Way Forward

• Conclusion

• Mains question

CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON TROPICAL FORESTS

• What is the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF)?

• Key Highlights of the Study on KBAs

• What are Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs)?

• Impact of Rising Temperatures on Tropical Forests and KBAs

• Protecting Key Biodiversity Areas from Rising Temperatures

• Conclusion

• Mains question

MESOPHOTIC CORAL ECOSYSTEMS AND THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE

• What are Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems?

• Impact of Climate Change on Mesophotic Coral Reefs

• Consequences of Coral Bleaching

• Solutions to Prevent Coral Bleaching

• Mains question

WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK 2024

• World Energy Outlook 2024

• India’s Role and Challenges in the Global Energy Landscape

• Challenges Identified in the Report

• Way Forward

• Mains Question

LIVING PLANET REPORT 2024

• Key Findings of the Living Planet Report 2024

• Threats to Biodiversity

• Economic and Global Impacts

• Critical Tipping Points

• Challenges in Conserving Biodiversity

• Solutions and the Way Forward

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

NITI AAYOG – ASSET MONETISATION

• What is Asset Monetisation?

• National Monetisation Pipeline (NMP)

• Instruments for Asset Monetisation

• Current Status of the National Monetisation Pipeline

• Challenges in Implementing NMP

• Way Forward

• Mains Question

GROUNDWATER DEPLETION IN NORTHERN INDIA: STUDY BY IIT GANDHINAGAR

• Key Findings of the Study

• Recommendations from the Study

• Challenges to Sustainable Agriculture in India

• Government Initiatives to Promote Sustainable Agriculture

• Way Forward for Sustainable Agriculture

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

NATIONAL AGRICULTURE CODE (NAC): A STEP TOWARDS STANDARDIZING INDIAN AGRICULTURE

• What is the National Agriculture Code (NAC)?

• Challenges in Formulating NAC

• What Can Be Done to Address These Challenges?

• Learning from Agricultural Policies in Other Countries

• CONCLUSION

• Mains Question

ROLE OF ULTRA-PROCESSED FOODS AND ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCTS (AGES) IN INDIA’S DIABETES SURGE

• Key Findings of the Study

• Why Ultra-Processed Foods (UPFs) Are Harmful to Health

• Types of Food Processing

• Reasons for Increasing Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods in India

• Government Initiatives to Promote Healthy Food Habits

• Recommendations to Reduce the Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods

• Mains Question

DRDO’S NEW INITIATIVE – FIVE DEEP-TECH PROJECTS

• Key Objectives of DRDO’s Initiative

• About DRDO

• DRDO’s Technology Clusters

• Challenges Faced by DRDO

• Way Forward

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

SUPREME COURT’S OBSERVATION ON MISUSE OF SECTION 498A IPC AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ACT

• Section 498A of the Indian Penal Code (IPC)?

• What is the Domestic Violence Act 2005?

• Factors Contributing to Domestic Violence

• Misuse of Legal Provisions

• Way Forward

• Mains Question

AYUSHMAN BHARAT DIGITAL MISSION (ABDM)

• About ABDM

• Key Features of ABDM

• Key Initiatives Under ABDM

• Achievements of ABDM

• Major Concerns Related to ABDM

• Way Forward

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

TIRUPATI LADDU CONTROVERSY AND GOVERNMENT CONTROL OF HINDU TEMPLES

• Tirumala Venkateswara Temple

• Management of Places of Worship in India

• Historical Context of Government Regulation of Temples

• Constitutional Provisions for Regulation

• Judicial Rulings on Temple Management

• Debate on Freeing Temples from Government Control

• Arguments For and Against State Control

• Way Forward

• Mains Question

NAMASTE SCHEME: ADDRESSING MANUAL SCAVENGING IN INDIA

• Key Features of the NAMASTE Scheme

• Current Scenario of Manual Scavenging

• Progress and State-Level Efforts

• Legal and Constitutional Safeguards

• Barriers to Eliminating Manual Scavenging

• Government Initiatives and Schemes

• Challenges in Abolition and Rehabilitation

• Way Forward

• Mains Question

ANNUAL SURVEY OF INDUSTRIES (ASI) REPORT 2022-23

• Employment Growth in Manufacturing

• Gross Value Added (GVA) and Output Growth

• Main Drivers of Manufacturing Growth

• Shift from Informal to Formal Sector

• What is the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI)?

• Opportunities in the Manufacturing Sector

• Challenges to the Manufacturing Sector

• Government Initiatives

• Way Forward

• Mains Question

NATIONAL MISSION FOR CLEAN GANGA (NMCG)

• Key Projects Approved during the Meeting

• About the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG)

• Namami Gange Programme

• Challenges in the Namami Gange Programme

• Way Forward

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

SUPREME COURT RULING ON PMLA AND BAIL: A LANDMARK JUDGMENT

• Key Points of the Supreme Court’s Ruling on PMLA and Bail

• Concerns Regarding India’s Bail System

• Supreme Court Judgments on the Bail System

• Way Forward

• Mains Question

WORLD TOURISM DAY 2024

• History and Importance of World Tourism Day

• How Tourism Promotes Peace

• India’s Travel and Tourism Industry

• Challenges Faced by the Indian Tourism Sector

• India’s Tourism Advantages

• Way Forward

• Mains Question

8^th INDIA WATER WEEK (IWW) 2024

• Aim of India Water Week

• Theme of IWW 2024

• Participants at IWW 2024

• International WASH Conference

• Current State of Water in India

• Factors Contributing to the Water Crisis in India

• Government Initiatives for Water Management

• Way Forward

• Mains Question

PLASTIC WASTE CRISIS IN THE HIMALAYAN REGION

• The Scale of Plastic Waste Crisis in the Himalayan Region

• India’s Contribution to Plastic Waste

• Consequences of Poor Plastic Waste Management

• Challenges of Waste Management in the Himalayas

• Concerns with Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)

• Legal Framework for Waste Management

• Way Forward

• Mains Question

RACIAL INEQUALITY IN POST-APARTHEID SOUTH AFRICA AND BLACK ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT POLICY

• Current State of Racial Divide in South Africa

• Apartheid and the Anti-Apartheid Movement

• India’s Role in Ending Apartheid

• Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) Policy of South Africa

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

SUPREME COURT RULING ON CHILD PORNOGRAPHY UNDER THE POCSO ACT, 2012

• Key Highlights of the Supreme Court Ruling

• Status of Crimes Against Children in India

• The POCSO Act, 2012

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

PRADHAN MANTRI JANJATIYA UNNAT GRAM ABHIYAN (PMJUGA)

• Key Aspects of PMJUGA

• Goals and Targets of PMJUGA

• Innovative Schemes to Promote Livelihood under PMJUGA

• Need for PMJUGA

• Other Government Initiatives for Scheduled Tribes

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

SOLAR STRATEGIES

• Significance of Solar Energy Dominance for India

• Major Challenges in India’s Solar Sector

• Steps to Improve India’s Solar Sector

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

DECARBONIZATION OF THE STEEL SECTOR

• Steel Sector Decarbonization

• What is Decarbonization of the Steel Sector?

• Challenges to Decarbonizing India’s Steel Sector

• Decarbonization Strategies in the Steel Sector

• Government Initiatives

• Decarbonization Strategies in the Steel Sector

• Way Forward

• Mains Question

TEA INDUSTRY IN INDIA

• Current State of the Tea Industry in India

• Key Challenges Faced by the Tea Industry

• Global Tea Industry Insights

• Tea Board of India

• Steps Needed for a Sustainable Tea Industry

• Mains Question

LEGAL FRAMEWORK REGARDING RAPE IN INDIA

• What is Rape?

• Types of Rape in India

• Laws Governing Rape in India

• Rights of Rape Victims

• Factors Contributing to Rising Rape Cases in India

• Challenges

• Impacts of Rising Rape Cases

• Way Forward

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

URBAN FLOODING

• What is Urban Flooding?

• Factors Contributing to Urban Flooding in Indian Cities

• Major Impacts of Urban Flooding

• Government Initiatives to Address Urban Flooding

• Solutions to Enhance Flood Resilience in Indian Cities

• Government Initiatives to Address Urban Flooding

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

SURROGACY AND ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES (ART) IN INDIA

• What is Surrogacy?

• Provisions of the Surrogacy and ART Regulations

• Constitutional and Ethical Concerns

• Legislative Review and Compensation Recommendations

• The Transition to Altruistic Surrogacy

• Provisions Related to Parental Rights and Termination of Pregnancy

• Other Provisions Related to Surrogacy in India

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

JUTE INDUSTRY IN INDIA

• About Jute

• Benefits of Using Jute Fibers

• Challenges in Jute Farming

• Government Schemes

• Way Forward

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

LOKPAL’S INQUIRY WING

• Key Highlights of the Inquiry Wing of Lokpal

• The Need for the Inquiry Wing of Lokpal

• Challenges in the Functioning of Lokpal

• Way Forward

• Mains Question

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREEN HYDROGEN 2024 (ICGH-2024)

• Highlights of ICGH-2024

• Why is International Cooperation Crucial for Promoting Green Hydrogen?

• How Can International Cooperation Support Green Hydrogen Development?

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

PM SURYA GHAR – MUFT BIJLI YOJANA

• Highlights of the Draft Guidelines

• PM Surya Ghar – Muft Bijli Yojana:

• Benefits of scheme

• Challenges in Implementing the Scheme

• Other Government Initiatives for Solar Energy

• Way Forward

• Mains question

WASTEWATER AND SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR ANTIBIOTIC MANUFACTURING BY WHO

• Highlights of the Guidance

• Target Audience

• Scope of the Guidance

• About Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)

• Causes of Increasing AMR

• Common Resistant Pathogens in India

• How to Combat AMR

• Conclusion

• Mains question

INDIA-UAE BILATERAL TALKS

• Key Agreements Signed

• Importance of UAE for India

• Challenges in India-UAE Relations

• Way Forward

• Conclusion

• Mains question

INDIA-BRAZIL BILATERAL RELATIONS

• India-Brazil Sugar Subsidies Dispute

• India Brazil relations

• Challenges in India-Brazil Relations

• Way Forward

• Conclusion

• Mains question

APARAJITA WOMEN AND CHILD (WEST BENGAL CRIMINAL LAWS AMENDMENT) BILL, 2024

• About Aparajita Bill, 2024

• Challenges

• Related Laws on Rape in India

• Rights of Rape Victims

• Challenges in Ensuring Women’s Safety

• Way Forward

• Mains Question

HOUSEHOLD SAVINGS IN INDIA POST-PANDEMIC

• Current Trends in Household Savings

• Impact of Household Savings on the Economy

• About Household Savings

• Impact of the Pandemic on Household Savings

• Government Initiatives to Promote Household Savings

• Challenges in India’s Energy Sector

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

OPEC+ DISCUSSING DELAY TO PLANNED OIL OUTPUT HIKE IN OCTOBER

• About OPEC

• What is OPEC+?

• Why is OPEC+ Cutting Oil Production?

• Implications of OPEC+ Oil Cuts

• India’s Growing Fuel Consumption and Refining Capacity Expansion

• Challenges in India’s Energy Sector

• Way Forward

• Mains Question

BioE3 POLICY

• Key Objectives

• Core Themes

• Vigyan Dhara Scheme

• Biotechnology: An Overview

• Current State of Biotechnology in India

• Government Initiatives

• Challenges for Biotechnology in India

• Way Forward

• Mains Question

75 YEARS OF THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA: KEY HIGHLIGHTS AND CHALLENGES

• Role of the Supreme Court in Strengthening Democracy

• Evolution of the Supreme Court: Four Phases

• Challenges

• Way Forward

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

GENDER BUDGET STATEMENT (GBS) 2024-25

• Key Highlights of GBS 2024-25

• What is Gender Budgeting?

• Challenges in Gender Budgeting in India

• Way Forward

• Mains Question

PATHWAYS AND STRATEGIES FOR ACCELERATING GROWTH IN EDIBLE OILS TOWARDS GOAL OF ATMANIRBHARTA

• Key Highlights of the Report

• Strategies for Achieving Self-Sufficiency

• Strategies for Achieving Self-Sufficiency

• Recommendations of the NITI Aayog Report

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

VOLUNTARY VEHICLE-FLEET MODERNIZATION PROGRAM (V-VMP)

• Recent Developments

• Voluntary Vehicle-Fleet Modernization Program (V-VMP)

• Benefits of V-VMP

• Incentives and Disincentives

• Circular Economy

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

TRANSBOUNDARY RIVERS BETWEEN INDIA AND NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES

• Rivers Between India and Bangladesh

• Rivers Between India and China

• Rivers Between India and Pakistan

• Rivers Between India and Nepal

• Gumti River and Dumbur Dam in Tripura

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

INDIAN RAILWAYS – NUCLEAR POWERED TRAINS

• What are Nuclear Powered Trains?

• Benefits of Nuclear-Powered Trains

• Challenges of Nuclear-Powered Trains

• Indian Railways’ Plans for Reducing Fossil Fuel Dependence

• Why Indian Railways Needs Alternative Energy Sources

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

INDIA, AFRICA CAN DOUBLE TRADE TO $200 BILLION

• How Will India Double Its Exports to Africa?

• Enhancing Trade Infrastructure

• Support for African Union and Global South Representation

• Current Trends in India-Africa Trade

• Challenges for India-Africa Trade

• Way Forward

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

DUAL-USE GOODS AND TECHNOLOGIES: INDIA’S POSITION AND GLOBAL IMPLICATIONS

• About Dual-Use Goods and Technologies

• Examples of Dual-Use Goods and Technologies

• Key Dual-Use Technologies

• Export Controls for Dual-Use Goods and Technologies

• Recent Developments

• India’s Strategic Trade Control System

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

BHARATMALA PARIYOJANA

• About Bharatmala Pariyojana

• Key Features of Bharatmala Pariyojana

• Similar Road Infrastructure Initiatives

• New Contracting Models and Asset Monetization

• Significance of Road Infrastructure in India’s Development

• Way Forward

• Mains Question

MENTAL HEALTH AND WELL-BEING OF MEDICAL STUDENTS IN INDIA

• Key Findings of the Report

• India’s Broader Mental Health Landscape

• Policy Challenges in Addressing Mental Health

• Strategic Interventions: Lessons from India’s HIV-AIDS Strategy

• Initiatives Related to Mental Health in India

• Way Forward

• Mains Question

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES: ARAVALI RANGE

• Key Challenges Identified

• Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)

• About Aravalis

• Supreme Court Rulings and Legal Notifications

• Way Forward

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

WHY ARE CANCER CASES SOARING IN INDIA?

• Findings of the Study

• State of Cancer Prevalence in India

• About Cancer

• Government Initiatives for Cancer Control in India

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

KOSI-MECHI RIVER LINKING PROJECT

• Kosi-Mechi River Linking Project

• Concerns and Criticisms

• About the Kosi and Mechi Rivers

• National Perspective Plan (NPP) for Interlinking Rivers

• Significance

• Challenges

• Way Forward

• Mains Question

BROILER CHICKEN INDUSTRY IN INDIA

• What are Broiler Chickens?

• Advantages of Broiler Chickens

• State of the Poultry Industry in India

• Key Factors Behind the Growth of the Poultry Industry

• Challenges Facing the Poultry Industry

• Initiatives to Support the Poultry Industry

• Way Forward

• Mains Question

NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY (NUE)

• Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE)

• Nitrogen Pollution

• Biofortified Seed Varieties by ICAR

• Biofortification

• Need for Biofortification

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

DISINFORMATION, AI AND ‘CYBER CHAKRAVYUH’

• Major Cyber Threats Facing India

• Key Government Initiatives

• Measures to Enhance Cybersecurity in India

• Mains Question

MELTING POLAR ICE DUE TO CLIMATE CHANGE IS MAKING EARTH’S DAYS LONGER

• How Climate Change Affects Earth’s Rotation

• Shifts in Earth’s Rotational Axis

• Other Factors Influencing Earth’s Rotation

• Implications of a Slower Earth Rotation

• Motions of the Earth and Their Effects

• Challenges and Limitations

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

DNA PROFILING IN LEGAL CONTEXT

• About DNA Profiling

• DNA Profiling in Legal Proceedings

• Legal Framework in India

• Judicial Precedents

• Law Commission Recommendations

• Challenges and Limitations

• Way Forward

• Mains Question

DECLINE IN DEMAND FOR WORK UNDER MGNREGS

• Current State of MGNREGS Work Demand

• Reasons Behind the Decline

• Overview of MGNREGS

• Challenges in MGNREGS Implementation

• Recommendations for Improvement

• Mains Question

TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT (TOD) IN INDIA

• What is Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)?

• Benefits of Transit-Oriented Development

• Factors Driving Demand for TOD in India

• Components of TOD

• Challenges Associated with TOD

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

CONTROVERSY SURROUNDING IMANE KHELIF’S WIN AT PARIS OLYMPICS 2024

• Why Did Imane Khelif’s Victory Cause Controversy?

• About International Olympic Committee (IOC)

• Gender Eligibility in Women’s Sports: A Complex Issue

• What are Disorders of Sexual Development (DSDs)?

• How Do Sports Federations Handle Gender Eligibility?

• Way Forward

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

WAQF (AMENDMENT) BILL, 2024

• Amendments in the Waqf Act (Amendment Bill), 2024

• Criticisms of the Waqf Act (Amendment Bill), 2024

• About the Waqf Act, 1995

• Way Forward

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

ORGAN DONATION AND TRANSPLANTATION IN INDIA

• Key Highlights from the Annual Report 2023-24

• Key Findings of the Report

• Regulatory Framework

• Ethical Concerns

• Challenges in Organ Transplantation

• Way Forward

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

THE RIGHT TO BE FORGOTTEN IN INDIA

• About Right to Be Forgotten

• Current Status in India

• Judicial Precedents

• Challenges of Inconsistent Judicial Approaches

• Arguments for Adopting the Right to Be Forgotten

• Way Forward

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

THE GREAT NICOBAR HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

• Project Overview

• Environmental Impact

• Social and Cultural Concerns

• Technical and Legal Issues

• Island Coastal Regulation Zone (ICRZ)

• Reclassification to a Permitted Area

• Stakeholders’ Responses

• Way Forward

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

WORLD DROWNING PREVENTION DAY: ADDRESSING A GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH CHALLENGE

• About Drowning

• World Drowning Prevention Day

• Factors Contributing to Drowning Incidents in India

• Global and National Drowning Statistics

• Role of WHO in Drowning Prevention

• Preventive Measures for Drowning

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

SUB-CLASSIFICATION OF SCHEDULED CASTES (SCS) AND SCHEDULED TRIBES (STS): SUPREME COURT VERDICT

• SC’s Verdict on Sub-Classifications of SCs and STs

• Rationale for the Verdict

• Arguments For Sub-Classification

• Arguments Against Sub-Classification

• Significance of the Supreme Court Verdict

• Challenges for Sub-Classification

• Way Forward

• Mains Question

UNION BUDGET 2024-25: KEY MEASURES FOR RURAL AND TRIBAL DEVELOPMENT

• Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)

• Phases of PMGSY

• Indian Roads Congress (IRC)

• Tribal Development Initiatives

• Budget Allocations for Tribal Welfare

• Other Key Schemes in the Union Budget 2024-25

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

STATE OF FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION IN THE WORLD 2024″ (SOFI 2024) REPORT

• Key Findings of the SOFI 2024 Report

• Highlights Related to India

• Related Initiatives Taken in India

• Other Policies

• Key Recommendations in the Report

• Mains Question

RIGHT TO SHELTER

• Right to Shelter: Constitutional Provisions

• Ethical Considerations Regarding Evictions

• Key Judicial Verdicts on the Right to Shelter

• Government Initiatives for Providing Shelter

• Relevant Laws Supporting the Right to Shelter

• Balancing Development and Right to Shelter

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

BRIDGING THE UNEMPLOYMENT-EMPLOYABILITY GAP IN INDIA

• Emerging Sectors for Skilling Efforts

• Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences

• Recent Government Initiatives for Skill Development

• Challenges in India’s Skilling Efforts

• What are Genetically Modified (GM) Crops?

• Measures to Revamp India’s Skilling Efforts

• Conclusion

SUPREME COURT VERDICT ON GM MUSTARD

• Key Highlights of the SC Verdict

• Directive for National Policy

• GEAC’s Role

• What is GM Mustard?

• What are Genetically Modified (GM) Crops?

• Challenges Faced by Bt Cotton

• What is the Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC)?

• Concerns Associated with GM Mustard

• Way Forward

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

NEIGHBOURHOOD FIRST APPROACH IN THE MEA’S AID DISTRIBUTION

• Distribution of Development Aid

• Benefits of Development Aid to Neighbouring Countries

• India’s Neighbourhood First Policy

• Importance of the Neighbourhood First Policy for India

• Challenges in India’s Relationship with Neighbouring Countries

• Initiatives by India to Improve Relationships with Neighbours

• Way Forward

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

MOIDAMS OF THE AHOM DYNASTY AND THEIR WORLD HERITAGE PROPOSAL

• What are Moidams?

• About the Ahom Kingdom

• UNESCO’s World Heritage Sites

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

IMMUNITY OF GOVERNORS UNDER ARTICLE 361: A LEGAL EXAMINATION 

• Immunities Provided to the Governor under Article 361 

• Recommendations for Reforms in the Office of the Governor 

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

EKLAVYA MODEL RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS

• What Is Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS)?

• Recent Recruitment Issue

• Way Forward

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

FIFTH POSITIVE INDIGENISATION LIST (PIL) OF MINISTRY OF DEFENCE

• Key Highlights of the Fifth Positive Indigenisation List (PIL)

• Positive Indigenisation List (PIL)

• Status of Indigenisation in the Defence Sector

• Initiatives Related to Indigenisation in the Defence Sector

• Way Forward

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

BLUE ECONOMY

• Major Opportunities Related to the Blue Economy for India

• Major Challenges Related to the Blue Economy for India

• Actions India Can Take to Foster a Sustainable Blue Economy

• Mains Question

ISRO HAS A PROBLEM: TOO MANY ROCKETS, TOO FEW SATELLITES TO LAUNCH 

• Current Landscape of Launch Vehicles 

• Challenges with Current Launch Vehicles 

• Future Requirements and Developments 

• Reliance on International Launch Services 

• Disparity Between Supply and Demand 

• Strategic Approaches Forward 

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

RISE IN MILITANCY IN JAMMU 

• Reasons for Rise in Militancy in Jammu 

• Historical Reasons for Militancy in Jammu and Kashmir 

• Challenges in Dealing with Rise in Militancy 

• Steps Taken by Government to Deal With Militancy in Jammu and Kashmir 

• Way Forward 

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

CLIMATE-RESILIENT AGRICULTURE (CRA) 

• Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture 

• Practices of Climate-Resilient Agriculture 

• Government Steps for Climate-Resilient Agriculture 

• Key Challenges Related to Climate-Resilient Agriculture 

• Way Forward for Climate-Resilient Agriculture 

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

TELECOMMUNICATIONS ACT, 2023 

• Salient Features of the Telecommunications Act, 2023 

• Historical Framework (1885-2023) 

• Regulatory Authorities 

• Merits of the Telecommunications Act, 2023 

• Demerits of the Telecommunications Act, 2023 

• Government Initiatives in the Telecom Sector 

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

HIGH SEAS TREATY 

• Understanding the High Seas 

• Overview of the High Seas Treaty 

• Significance of the High Seas Treaty 

• India’s Role and Benefits 

• Other Related Conventions 

• Way Forward 

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

MENSTRUAL LEAVES IN INDIA 

• Current State of Menstrual Leaves in India 

• Arguments For Menstrual Leaves 

• Global Perspective and Way Forward 

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

CLASSICAL LANGUAGES AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

• What are Classical Languages?

• Criteria for Classical Language Status

• Benefits of Classical Language Status

• Arguments for Inclusion of Various Languages as Classical Language

• Constitutional Provisions Related to Language

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

QUALITY CONTROL ISSUES IN INDIAN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY

• Causes of Quality Control Failures

• Implications of Quality Control Failures

• Regulatory Framework

• Status of the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry

• Major Challenges

• Government Initiatives

• Way Forward 

• Conclusion 

• Mains Question

CABINET COMMITTEES 

• Cabinet Committees 

• List of 8 Cabinet Committees 

• Parliamentary Committees 

• Groups of Ministers (GoMs) 

• Lok Sabha Speaker Amends Oath-Taking Rules for MPs 

• Challenges of Cabinet Committees 

• Way Forward 

• Conclusion 

• Mains Question

PATENTS IN INDIA 

• About Patents 

• Significance of Granting Patents 

• Challenges in the Patenting System 

• Steps Needed to Improve the Patenting System 

• India’s Patenting Landscape and Global Position 

• Conclusion 

• Mains Question

GLOBAL INDIAai SUMMIT 

• Key Highlights and Outcomes 

• Artificial Intelligence Preparedness Index (AIPI) 

• Conclusion 

• Mains Question

EDUCATION SYSTEM IN INDIA 

• History of Education in India 

• Current Status of Education in India 

• Legal and Constitutional Provisions 

• Education as a ‘State’ Subject 

• Government Initiatives Related to Educational Reforms 

• Arguments Against Education on the State List 

• Way Forward 

• Conclusion 

• Mains Question

FINANCIAL ACTION TASK FORCE (FATF) 

• Highlights of the MER Report on India 

• Significance of the MER Report on the Indian Economy 

• What is Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing (ML/TF)? 

• India’s Efforts to Combat ML/TF 

• Mains Question

SIMLA AGREEMENT AND INDIA-PAKISTAN RELATIONS 

• Origins and Context 

• Objectives of the Simla Agreement 

• Key Provisions of the Simla Agreement 

• Significance of the Simla Agreement 

• Criticism and Challenges 

• India-Pakistan Relations Over the Years 

• Conclusion 

• Mains Question

DRUG ABUSE IN INDIA 

• Highlights of Drug Abuse in India 

• Challenges in Drug Trafficking 

• Legislative Framework: Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 

• Initiatives to Tackle Drug Abuse 

• Comprehensive Strategy for Combating Drug Abuse 

• Humanitarian Approach and Policy Reforms 

• Conclusion 

• Mains Question

ROOFTOP SOLAR PROGRAMME 

• About the Rooftop Solar Programme 

• Key Initiatives under Rooftop Solar 

• Significance of the Rooftop Solar Programme 

• India’s Current Solar Capacity 

• PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana 

• Other Government Initiatives to Harness Solar Energy 

• Way Forward 

• Mains Question

HINDU KUSH HIMALAYA 

• About ICIMOD 

• Findings of the Report 

• Reason Behind Low Snow Persistence 

• Key Recommendations 

• About Snow Persistence 

• The Hindu Kush Himalaya Region 

• Key River Systems and Their Destinations 

• Mains Question

HYDROPOWER GENERATION IN INDIA 

• Overview 

• Factors Responsible for Low Hydropower Generation 

• Implications of Low Hydropower Generation for the Energy Sector 

• Future Outlook and Mitigation Strategies 

• Threats to India’s Sovereign Credit Profile Identified by Moody’s Ratings 

• Key Threats Identified 

• Moody’s Rating and Economic Impact 

• Policy Recommendations and Mitigation Strategies 

• Conclusion 

• Mains Question

POLITICAL REPRESENTATION AND FOREST CONSERVATION IN INDIA’S SCHEDULED AREAS 

• About the Study 

• Key Findings of the Study 

• What is the PESA Act? 

• Significant Provisions 

• Provisions Related to Scheduled Tribes in India 

• Conclusion 

• Mains Question

HEATWAVES AS NOTIFIED DISASTERS 

• What are Heatwaves? 

• IMD Criteria for Defining Heatwaves 

• Causes of Heatwaves 

• Impacts of Heatwaves 

• NDMA Guidelines for Heatwaves 

• Needs and Challenges Related to Heatwaves as a Notified Disaster 

• Challenges in Adding Heatwaves to the DM Act 

• Need for Notifying Heatwaves as Natural Disasters 

• Heat Action Plan (HAP) 

• Mains Question

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN INDIA-SRI LANKA RELATIONS 

• Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre (MRCC) 

• Model Village Housing Project 

• Historical Ties 

• Economic Ties 

• Significance of India-Sri Lanka Relations 

• Challenges in India-Sri Lanka Relations 

• Way Forward  

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

HINDU KUSH HIMALAYAS 

• Importance of Snow Persistence 

• Current Status of Snow Persistence in HKH 

• Reasons for Reduced Snow Persistence 

• Significance of Conserving the Hindu Kush Himalayan Region 

• Initiatives for Conservation 

• Way Forward  

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (SWM) CESS

• About SWM Cess

• Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016

• Key Features

• Other Waste Management Initiatives

• Rationale Behind Increasing SWM Cess Collection

• Methods of Solid Waste Management

• Measures to Reduce Operational Expenditure on SWM Services

• Global Waste Management Outlook 2024 Report (GWMO 2024)

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

UNLAWFUL ACTIVITIES (PREVENTION) ACT (UAPA)

• Background

• About the UAPA

• Major Amendments

• Major Provisions of UAPA

• Related Judgments

• Concerns Related to UAPA

• Way Forward

• Conclusion

• Mains Question

ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE INDEX (EPI) 

• Key Highlights of EPI 2024 
• About Environmental Performance Index
• Challenges Associated with EPI 
• Recommendations and Way Forward 
• Conclusion 
• Mains question

SILK ROAD 

• Historical Evolution of the Silk Road 
• Shift in Silk Road Route due to Climate Change 
• Historical Significance of the Silk Road 
• End of the Original Silk Road
• Mains Question

INDIA’S POWER SECTOR 

• Current Status of India’s Power Sector 
• Technologies to Reduce Emissions  
• Challenges
• Government Initiatives
• Way Forward 
• Conclusion 
• Mains question

3 STATES SEEK SHRINKING OF ECO-SENSITIVE AREAS IN WESTERN GHATS 

• Background of Western Ghats Eco-Sensitive Area 
• Major Concerns of Declaring Eco-Sensitive Areas 
• Way Forward 
• Conclusion 
• Mains question

STATE OF THE OCEAN REPORT, 2024 

• Key Highlights 
• Impacts of Global Warming on the Indian Ocean 
• Way Forward 
• Conclusion 
• Mains question

SPEAKER OF THE LOK SABHA 

• About the Speaker 
• Election of the Speaker 
• Removal of the Speaker 
• Sources of Power and Duties 
• Provisions to Ensure Independence and Impartiality 
• Pro Tem Speaker 
• Roles and Responsibilities of the Speaker 
• Issues Associated with the Office of the Speaker 
• Way Forward 
• Mains question

UNITED NATIONS GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN FORUM (UNGSCF) 

• Key Issues Highlighted at the UNGSCF
• Need for Supply Chain Resilience for India 
• Initiatives for Improving Supply Chain Resilience in India
• Mains question

NONE OF THE ABOVE (NOTA) OPTION IN INDIAN ELECTIONS 

• What is NOTA in Indian Elections? 
• Background 
• What Happens if NOTA Receives the Highest Votes? 
• Landmark Judgments Related to NOTA 
• Arguments in Favour of the NOTA Option 
• Arguments Against the NOTA Option 
• Way Forward 
• Conclusion 
• Mains question

74 WOMEN ELECTED TO LOK SABHA, LOWER THAN 2019 

• Representation of Women in Parliament Over the Years 
• State Legislative Assembly Representation 
• Comparison with Global Standards 
• Need for Greater Political Empowerment of Women 
• Reasons Behind Low Political Representation of Women 
• Measures Undertaken for Political Empowerment of Women 
• Constitutional Measures 
• Way Forward 
• Mains question

UNCCD REPORT ON RANGELANDS AND PASTORALISTS 

• Key Findings of the UNCCD Report 
• State of Pastoralists and Economic Contributions in India 
• What is Pastoralism? 
• Examples of Pastoralist Communities 
• Issues Faced by Pastoralists in India 
• Key Recommendations of the UNCCD Report 
• Conclusion 
• Mains question

WORLD ENVIRONMENT DAY (WED) 2024 

• Key Facts About World Environment Day 
• Importance of Land Restoration 
• India’s Contribution Towards Environmental Sustainability 
• Wetland Conservation 
• Forest and Wildlife Conservation 
• Green Credit Program 
• Global Initiatives of India 
• Conclusion 
• Mains question

KAVANGO-ZAMBEZI TRANS-FRONTIER CONSERVATION AREA (KAZA-TFCA) SUMMIT 

• Key Issues Discussed at the 2024 Summit
• Causes of Wildlife Product Trade
• Measures to Tackle Wildlife Crime
• Legal Frameworks for Wildlife Conservation
• Conclusion 
• Mains question

THE INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE (IBC), 2016 

• Key Highlights of the Latest Data 
• Proposed Measures to Strengthen IBC 
• About Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 
• Procedure for Insolvency Resolution under the IBC 
• Mains question

CYCLONE REMAL: 31 KILLED AS RAIN, LANDSLIPS WREAK HAVOC IN NORTHEAST 

• What is a Landslide? 
• How Vulnerable is India to Landslides? 
• Government Initiatives to Mitigate the Risk of Landslides 
• Major Challenges in Mitigating Landslide Risks in India 
• Way Forward 
• Conclusion 
• Mains question

WORLD MENSTRUAL HYGIENE DAY 2024 

• Status of Menstrual Hygiene in Prisons
• Challenges in Addressing Menstrual Hygiene in Prisons
• Government Initiatives Related to Menstrual Hygiene
• Way Forward
• Mains Question

GLOBAL NUCLEAR LANDSCAPE 

• Evolution of the Global Nuclear Landscape
• India’s Historic Stance on Nuclear Energy and Weapons
• Current Nuclear Threats Faced by India
• Measures to Strengthen India’s Nuclear Program
• Mains Question

INDIA HOSTS THE ANTARCTIC PARLIAMENT 

• Significance of Antarctica 
• Significance for India 
• Enhancing India’s Role in Antarctica 
• India’s Initiatives and Proposals   
• Mains Question

BIMSTEC ACQUIRES ‘LEGAL PERSONALITY’ AFTER CHARTER COMES INTO FORCE 

• What is the BIMSTEC Grouping? 
• Key Features of the BIMSTEC Charter 
• Significance of BIMSTEC 
• Challenges to BIMSTEC 
• Way Forward for BIMSTEC 
• Conclusion  
• Mains Question

HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA 

• Current Scenario of Higher Education in India 
• Major Flaws in Higher Education in India 
• Government initiatives
• Way Ahead 
• Conclusion  
• Mains Question

WHY INDIAN HOUSEHOLD SAVINGS FELL TO A SIX-YEAR LOW IN FY23 

• Household Savings in India: Current Scenario 
• Arguments and Counterarguments 
• Signs of Structural Shifts 
• Macroeconomic Challenges 
• Policy Recommendations  
• Mains Question

INDIAN MANUFACTURING NEEDS MORE SOPHISTICATION: FINANCE MINISTER 

• Key Highlights of the Report
• Global State of Farmland Use
• Reasons Behind Land Inequality
• Status of Land Use in India
• India’s Initiatives to Tackle Land Squeeze and Food Insecurity
• Key Impacts of Land Squeeze
• Recommendations of the Report
• Conclusion  
• Mains Question

HARNESSING DEGRADED LANDS FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION 

• Key Highlights
• Challenges in Biomass Cultivation on Degraded Land
• Way Forward
• Conclusion  
• Mains Question

GOING TO POLICE SHOULD BE LAST RESORT IN MATRIMONIAL DISPUTES: SUPREME COURT JUDGMENT 

• Key Observations
• Alternative Ways to Resolve Matrimonial Disputes
• Way Forward
• Conclusion  
• Mains Question

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 

• About Solid Waste 
• Key Issues in Solid Waste Management 
• Solid Waste Management Rules 2016 
• Way Forward 
• Conclusion  
• Mains Question

NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES 

• About Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) 
• Global and Indian Initiatives to Tackle NTDs 
• Key Highlights of the WHO Report on NTDs 
• Challenges Highlighted in the Report 
• Conclusion  
• Mains Question

SUPREME COURT UPHOLDS RIGHT TO LIFE OF FOETUS 

• Key Observations by the Court 
• Important Judgments by the Supreme Court Regarding Abortion 
• Rights of a Foetus Under Indian Law 
• The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971 
• Medical Termination of Pregnancy Amendment Act, 2021 
• Who Can Terminate Pregnancy Between 20-24 Weeks? 
• Conclusion 
• Mains Question

STATE OF EMPLOYMENT IN INDIA 

• Key Trends in Employment Growth
• Employment Quality
• Trends in Youth Employment
• Concerns Regarding Employment in India
• Government Initiatives Related to Employment
• Way Forward 
• Mains Question